Use of Open, Spatial and Satellite Data for the Purpose of Researching Landfills for Municipal

Abstract

The present work traces the development of an illegal landfill near the town of Svoge in Bulgaria. After 2016, a waste management plan is prepared on the territory of the municipality and a decision is made to dispose of it by depositing it in a regional landfill for municipal waste in the town of Kostinbrod. The aim of the study is to trace the development of biochemical processes that took place on the territory of the former landfill and whether their impact continues to this day. Data from the Open Data Portal (https://data.egov.bg/), the National Spatial Data Portal INSPIRE (https://inspire.egov.bg/bg), satellite data and GIS, several spectral profiles and indices such as Normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), Tasseled Cap Transformation (TCT) were used. Composite images from the multispectral instrument (MSI) of the Sentinel 2 platform and radar (SAR) from the Sentinel 1 platform of the Copernicus program of the European Space Agency were used. The surface temperature of the landfill was calculated using the heat channels from the Landsat 5-7 (ETM) and Landsat 8 and Landsat 9 (OLI / TIRS) sensors. A combination of radar and optical data was made. Data from different seasons and years were used in order to monitor the dynamics of thermal pollution in the study area. Quantitative and qualitative assessment of the territory on which the landfill is located has been made. Last but not least, the role of high-value open data in environmental monitoring has been demonstrated, which will reduce the administrative burden of making responsible decisions for each smaller municipality and will be successfully implemented in future methodologies for improving Digital twins through technical work in Destination Earth (DestinE) and information about any point, area or globally significant territories.