Use of Nucleic Acid-Based Tools for Monitoring Biostimulation and Bioaugmentation

Abstract

Abstract : The purpose of this document is to provide guidance to Remedial Project Managers (RPMs) and field practitioners on the application of Molecular Biological Tools (MBTs), specifically nucleic acid based tools, for evaluating monitored natural attenuation (MNA), biostimulation and bioaugmentation at chlorinated solvent sites. This protocol summarizes the current state of the practice of these tools and is intended to provide a technically sound and practical approach to MBT use. This guidance document will be updated, based on the findings from SERDP project ER-1561 (Standardized Procedures For Use Of Nucleic Acid-Based Tools). This guidance document provides recommendations regarding sampling approaches and criteria in evaluation of data for use in bioremediation decision-making. Microbial degradation plays a primary role in the fate and transport, and ultimately the remediation of chlorinated solvents. Knowledge of the responsible microbial processes is crucial to understanding the impact of biodegradation on cleanup times at a given site. Understanding these microbial processes can assist site owners in making informed decisions to better assess contaminated sites and manage bioremediation efforts. MBTs measure target biomarkers (e.g., specific nucleic acid or ribonucleic acid sequences, contaminant-specific isotopes, peptides, proteins or lipids) that are indicators of potential biological degradation of target contaminants. Research and development needs regarding the use of MBTs for environmental remediation were addressed in a SERDP and ESTCP Expert Panel Workshop (2005). This workshop presented a comprehensive summary of the MBT techniques, applications, issues, questions, and associated research needs. Among all MBTs, application of nucleic acid-based tools is the most advanced for application to environmental samples, and assays to detect the presence and enumerate the abundance of key