Abstract
BackgroundThe ability of near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) to determine the digestible energy (DE) and metabolizable energy (ME) content of corn fed to growing pigs was tested. One hundred and seventeen corn samples, comprising different planting regions and varieties were collected from all over China in a three-year period. The samples were randomly split into a calibration set (n = 88) and a validation set (n = 29). The actual and calculated DE and ME content of the corn samples was determined by digestion-metabolism experiments and the prediction equations of Noblet and Perez (J Anim Sci. 71:3389–98,1993). The samples were then subjected to NIRS scanning and calibrations were performed by the modified partial least square (MPLS) regression method based on 77 different spectral pre-treatments. The NIRS equations based on the actually determined and calculated DE and ME were built separately and then validated using validation samples.ResultsThe NIRS equations obtained from actually determined DE, the coefficient of determination for calibration (RSQcal), cross-validation (R2CV), and validation (RSQv) were 0.89, 0.87 and 0.86, and these values for determined ME were 0.87, 0.86 and 0.86. For the NIRS equations built from calculated DE, the RSQcal, R2CV, and RSQv values were 0.88, 0.85 and 0.84, and these values for calculated ME were 0.86, 0.84 and 0.82. Except for the equation based on calculated ME (RPDv = 2.38, < 2.50), the other three equations built from actually determined energy and calculated DE produced good prediction performance (RPDv ranging from 2.53 to 2.69, > 2.50) when applied to validation samples.ConclusionThese results indicate that NIRS can be used as a quantitative method for the rapid determination of the available energy in corn fed to growing pigs, and the NIRS equations based on the actually determined energy produced better predictive performance than those built from calculated energy values.
Highlights
The ability of near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) to determine the digestible energy (DE) and metabolizable energy (ME) content of corn fed to growing pigs was tested
Zhao et al [3] have analyzed the nutritional values of 30 corn samples collected from China, the results indicated that the nutrients varied largely between different samples, ranging from 8.5 to 11.9 % for crude protein (CP), 2.3 to 5.3 % for ether extract (EE), 0.8 to 1.5 % for ash, 1.1 to 3.7 % for crude
The actual DE and ME values determined by digestionmetabolism experiments (DED and MED) varied from 14.99 to 17.50 MJ/kg dry matter (DM) and 14.42 to 17.05 MJ/kg DM, respectively, while these values calculated according to the equations of Noblet and Perez [6] (DEc and MEc) varied from 14.74 to 17.72 MJ/kg DM and 14.43 to 17.42 MJ/kg DM, respectively
Summary
The ability of near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) to determine the digestible energy (DE) and metabolizable energy (ME) content of corn fed to growing pigs was tested. Li et al Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology (2016) 7:45 fiber (CF), 6.0 to 21.8 % for neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and 1.8 to 6.8 % for acid detergent fiber (ADF) These differences will typically cause large variations in the DE and ME content of corn when fed to growing pigs [4], and will have economic implications for swine producers. Based on the analysis of chemical components, several equations have been proposed to estimate the energy values of complete diets [6, 7] and feed ingredients, including corn [8], barley [9], corn co-products [10, 11], and corn gluten meals [12] fed to pigs, but this approach is limited by its lack of speed and poor repeatability
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