Use of mono‐bromo‐bimane to derivatize sulfide in whole blood: comparison of blood sulfide levels during atmospheric hydrogen sulfide exposure and intravenous sulfide infusion

Abstract

With the discovery of hydrogen sulfide as a signaling molecule and a potential therapeutic, measurement of free sulfide in blood – as hydrogen sulfide or hydrosulfide anion – has taken on importance. Here, we demonstrate and validate a method of free sulfide measurement whereby the free sulfide in whole blood is derivatized with excess monobromobimane. The resulting sulfide‐dibimane is subsequently extracted into ethyl acetate, followed by quantitation of sulfide‐dibimane via reverse‐phase HPLC with fluorescence detection. Reaction conditions are validated through 1) characterization of rate of conversion from sulfide to sulfide‐dibimane, 2) analysis of reaction in the presence of potential interferants, and 3) recovery of standard samples from a whole‐blood matrix. We found that reaction conditions of a mixture of acetonitrile and HEPES buffer (50 mM pH 8) gave rapid, clean conversion of sulfide to sulfide‐dibimane in the presence of excess monobromobimane. For whole blood, a 1:1:1 reaction mixture of 200 μl each acetonitrile:HEPES:blood proved optimal. Using this protocol, standard samples were consistently recovered in approximately 76% yield over the range of the assay. Baseline levels of free sulfide in rat blood were found to be about 0.3 – 0.5 μM. Subsequent work has proved the method effective in generating whole‐blood sulfide PK data in multiple species.