Abstract
The introduction of molecular markers has caused a shift in the genetic diversity of fruit crops. They are crucial to a wide range of disciplines, such as taxonomy, gene mapping, phylogenetic analysis, and the assessment of disease resistance. This extensive study looks at various molecular markers, including AFLP, RAPD, SSRs, SCoT, and SNPs, for the purpose of characterizing fruit crop genomes. We examine how they contribute to our understanding of disease resistance, genetic diversity, and evolutionary, dynamics in a wide variety of fruit crops, such as nuts and tropical, subtropical, and temperate fruits. Breeders can now create new cultivars with improved traits, quicker breeding schedules, and better genetic resource conservation. They have made it feasible to perform customized genetic analyses and gain a deeper understanding of genetics and evolution in domains other than agriculture. The sustainable use of genetic resources from fruit crops, conservation initiatives, and the larger scientific and medical fields are all significantly impacted by this historical perspective.
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