Abstract
In this mini review it is to focus that how can pollutants be removed from the environment by utilizing microalgae which are deliberately increasing and causing hazardous effects to our environment. Microalgae are sunlight-driven cell factories that convert carbon dioxide to potential biofuels, foods, feeds and high-value bioactives. Various types of pollutants continuously causing damage to the environment and after a long-term observation it is found that there is a best option of using microalgae in different techniques for reducing environmental pollutants. Since, versatile species of microalgae has been a part in reduction and removal of environmental pollutants as we observed in different bioremmedial techniques such as in waste water treatment plants, heavy metal removal techniques, bio-degradation of azo-dyes, phenol and other organic aromatic compounds which are dangerous to the environment. It is reappraised that one of microalgae specie which is named as chlorella vulgaris is found to be very effective in removing of heavy metals, waste water treatment and also in biodegradation of azo-dyes. This article basically explained the usefulness of using microalgae for the remediation of pollutants.
Highlights
Pollution is the introduction of contaminants into the natural environment that causes adverse change, It is often classified as point source or nonpoint source pollution and release into the environment from both sources of pollution either point or non-point or both
Some specific micro algal species are used for the removal and degradation of specific pollutants from the environment and some are used for the biotransformation and bioaccumulation of several environmental pollutants
Enormous micro algal species are found which are generally used as pollution indicators and pollution remover effectively
Summary
Pollution is the introduction of contaminants into the natural environment that causes adverse change, It is often classified as point source or nonpoint source pollution and release into the environment from both sources of pollution either point or non-point or both. It is found in freshwater and marine systems They are unicellular species which exist individually, or in a chains or groups, depending on their species, their sizes can range from a few micrometers (μm) to a few hundreds of micrometers. They produce approximately half of the atmospheric oxygen [59]. There is a commercial use of micro algal based ion exchange systems for the recovery of selected heavy metals and microalgae are a potential source of a very large variety of other high value products (bioactive) such as special chemicals, animal feeds, fuels, lubricants, antibiotics and enzyme inhibitors [63]. Other potential applications and products from microalgae are presented such as for biological sequestration of CO2, wastewater treatment, in human health, as food additive, and for aquaculture [58]
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