Abstract
Microalgae are eukaryotic and unicellular microorganisms of simple structure, colonial that need for their growth and reproduction, light, water, carbon dioxide and inorganic nutrients. Demonstrate commercial interest due to a biomass rich in bioactive substances, such as pigments, lipids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, carbohydrates, proteins, and vitamins. Among these substances, Chlorella microalgae oil contains lipids with a wide range of interesting properties. In this context, the present review aims to demonstrate the potential and applications of microalgae, mainly of the Chlorella species, as well as the methods and conditions of cultivation, the chemical composition, and its relationship with nanotechnology. The data for this review were obtained from a search in the main databases such as Scielo, Scopus and Science Direct, without restriction to the period of publication, using following descriptors: microalgae, Chlorella, biomass, oil, application, nanotechnology and their combinations. These microorganisms, as they are easy to cultivate and rapidly proliferate, are gaining ground in the area of new technologies involving species of the Chlorella type, which has several applications, including in the nutraceutical and cosmetics area, guaranteeing products with quality, efficacy and biodegradable assets.
Highlights
Microalgae are photosynthetic single-celled microorganisms that form colonies or filaments and belong to various divisions of algae such as Chlorophyta, Charophyta, or called green algae, in which chlorophyll is one of its main pigments, the species Haematococcus, Chlorella, Dunaliella, Graesiella, Scenedesmus are some examples of this type of algae (TAN et al, 2020)
This review aims to highlight the use of microalgae in general, and in particular Chlorella, in various scientific researches, both on a laboratory and industrial scale, as well as describing their various applications, cultivation conditions, biochemical composition and their relationship with nanotechnology
Studies have shown that microalgae-derived compounds can be used as the main active ingredient in cosmetics and still have beneficial properties such as an excipient, stabilizer, dye or even thickening agents (RYU et al, 2015; LEVASSEUR et al, 2020). Microalgae because they are photosynthetic and easy-to-grow single-cell microorganisms, they produce from their oil substances such as fatty acids, carbohydrates, proteins, vitamins, carotenoids and even pigments that offer various benefits and can be applied in various areas such as pharmaceutical, cosmetics, nutritional, environmental, ensuring advantages that make all the difference in the applied areas
Summary
Microalgae are photosynthetic single-celled microorganisms that form colonies or filaments and belong to various divisions of algae such as Chlorophyta, Charophyta, or called green algae, in which chlorophyll is one of its main pigments, the species Haematococcus, Chlorella, Dunaliella, Graesiella, Scenedesmus are some examples of this type of algae (TAN et al, 2020). Microalgae can convert solar energy and carbon dioxide into high levels of secondary lipids and carotenoids in their biomass These microorganisms are emerging as a factory of important and economical cells to produce commercial products, such as carotenoids (BOROWITZKA, 2013) and fatty acids (MENDES et al, 2008). These microalgae exhibit great biomass production compared to terrestrial plants in relation to the surface area needed to grow them, demonstrating that they represent a lower cost per production (CHIU et al, 2015; BEKIROUGULLARI et al, 2018). They have advantages over other crops, such as high growth rate, short growth period and low land use (SANYANO et al, 2013)
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