Abstract
The purpose of our scoping review was to describe the current use of mHealth technology for long-term assessment of patient-reported outcomes in community-dwelling individuals with acquired brain injury (ABI). Following PRISMA guidelines, we conducted a scoping review of literature meeting these criteria: (1) civilians or military veterans, all ages; (2) self-reported or caregiver-reported outcomes assessed via mobile device in the community (not exclusively clinic/hospital); (3) published in English; (4) published in 2015–2019. We searched Ovid MEDLINE(R) < 1946 to 16 August 2019, MEDLINE InProcess, EPub, Embase, and PsycINFO databases for articles. Thirteen manuscripts representing 12 distinct studies were organized by type of ABI [traumatic brain injury (TBI) and stroke] to extract outcomes, mHealth technology used, design, and inclusion of ecological momentary assessment (EMA). Outcomes included post-concussive, depressive, and affective symptoms, fatigue, daily activities, stroke risk factors, and cognitive exertion. Overall, collecting patient-reported outcomes via mHealth was feasible and acceptable in the chronic ABI population. Studies consistently showed advantage for using EMA despite variability in EMA timing/schedules. To ensure best clinical measurement, research on post-ABI outcomes should consider EMA designs (versus single time-point assessments) that provide the best timing schedules for their respective aims and outcomes and that leverage mHealth for data collection.
Highlights
Eligibility criteria for articles to be included in this review were: (1) Sample population was primarily acquired brain injury; (2) Sample population included all ages and both civilians and veterans; (3) Assessment was collected via mobile phone/device, though could be done via app or text messaging; (4) Self-reported or caregiver-reported assessments of patient-reported outcomes; (5) Assessment occurred in the community; (6) Published in English; and (7) Published in or after 2015
Participants responded to ≥60% of the questionnaires each week, and in ≤10 h
3) through the the final number of articles included in the review (n final number of articles included in the review (n = 12) [33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44]
Summary
In the United States, approximately 3.5 million people experience a traumatic brain injury (TBI) [1] and 795,000 experience a stroke each year [2]. Including traumatic and non-traumatic brain injury (e.g., stroke) often results in secondary health issues [3,4,5], some of which may persist for years after the initial injury event [6,7]. Individuals with ABI often experience multiple barriers to receiving care and managing long-term symptoms, including inconsistent long-term follow-up with providers, limited access to community-based healthcare services [8,9], and costs associated with rehabilitative care and transportation [10].
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