Abstract
Regardless of the fact that bones have a tremendous capacity to be repaired, there are various clinical situations where allographs seek to enhance the regeneration of bones through promotion of osteogenesis [1]. Precarious botches linked to the present grafting treatments include osteonecrosis along with restricted combination between the grafted and host tissues. It is considered that the fundamental issue with the present approaches to bone grafting is the fact that they lead to bone regeneration by means of direct osteogenesis. Therefore, it may be hypothesized that the use of cartilage in the promotion of endochondral regeneration of bones may leverage normal development and repair sequences resulting in a properly vascularized regenerate capable of integrating with the host tissues. Various tests have demonstrated that cartilage grafts are able to support the regeneration of vascularized and integrated bone tissues in vivo, while lineage tracing experiments have revealed graft derived regenerates.
Highlights
Mesenchymal stem cells are the pluripotent cells existing in numerous adult human tissues, for example bone marrow and adipose as well as synovial tissues, and since they originate from the mesoderm, they differentiate to become bones and cartilage as well as muscles and adipose tissues [2]
The capability of mesenchymal stem cells to differentiate into bone cells referred to as osteoblasts has resulted in their usage in clinic experiments that investigate the safety of probable methods of repairing bones
Additional research focuses on the use of mesenchymal stem cells in repairing cartilage, which covers the bone ends and makes it possible for one bone to slide over another one where they are joined
Summary
Mesenchymal stem cells are the pluripotent cells existing in numerous adult human tissues, for example bone marrow and adipose as well as synovial tissues, and since they originate from the mesoderm, they differentiate to become bones and cartilage as well as muscles and adipose tissues [2]. Numerous researchers have put emphasis on adult stem cells or those isolated from human adults that may be transplanted in to tissues that are damaged. Research done recently has shown that articular cartilage can be repaired through percutaneous introduction of mesenchymal stem cells. This paper aims at explaining how bone and cartilage can be differentiated from stem cells as well as considering the current research and development of this discipline. This method is considered as an effective treatment option but is associated with some limitations, including donor-site morbidity, tissue supply limitation, unsuitable mechanical properties and thickness of the obtained tissue (Figure 1)
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