Abstract
Cultured human bone marrow mesenchymal cells (MSCs) have immunomodulatory and tissue regenerative properties. This report summarizes the result of post-transplant treatment with MSCs of a 26-year-old patient with aplastic anemia complicated by invasive sino-orbital aspergillosis. The patient was treated with MSCs to benefit from the dual effects of MSCs in immune reconstitution: suppression against alloreactive T cells and facilitation of the re-engraftment process. The patient did not develop acute or chronic graft-versus-host disease. The aspergillus infection healed completely. The engraftment failure was also ended without any complications. During his last visit in his fourth year after transplantation, the patient was in hematological remission. Human bone marrow-derived MSCs seem to have an important role in preventing or overcoming immunological complications in patients who undergo stem cell transplantation.
Highlights
The infectious complications and immune dysfunction after human hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) can activate acute graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) among patients undergoing HSCT [1]
We present a patient with very severe aplastic anemia and invasive aspergillosis who was successfully treated with hemopoietic stem cells from a sibling donor and Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from original and third-party donors
As an important risk factor, active infections may influence the probability of incidence and severity of GvHD [1]
Summary
The infectious complications and immune dysfunction after human hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) can activate acute graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) among patients undergoing HSCT [1]. The restoration of immune function is critical in effective treatment of invasive fungal infection and prevention of acute GvHD in these patients [2]. We present a patient with very severe aplastic anemia and invasive aspergillosis who was successfully treated with hemopoietic stem cells from a sibling donor and MSCs from original and third-party donors. For use prior to the possible onset of acute GvHD, human bone marrow MSCs, cultured ex vivo, were obtained from his original donor under good manufacturing practice conditions
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