Abstract
Tyrophagus putrescentiae (Schrank) is controlled in the U.S. dry cured ham industry with methyl bromide (MB) fumigation. However, MB fumigation is being phased out of use since it is an ozone depleting substance. The objective of this research was to evaluate ham nets that were infused with lard, propylene glycol (PG) and polysaccharide coating for their efficacy at controlling mite infestations on dry cured ham cubes from hams that were aged for 4 to 6 mo. Results indicated that fewer T. putrescentiae (P < 0.05) were on ham cubes with treated nets containing PG when compared to the number of mites on ham cubes with untreated nets over 10 wk of storage. Lard infused nets without PG did not decrease the mite population (P > 0.05). The net without coating slowed the growth and reproduction of T. putrescentiae since net controls had fewer mites (P < 0.05) than controls without nets. Fungi were not present on ham cubes that were treated with PG-containing nets over 10 wk of storage with a few exceptions. In conclusion, lard and xanthan gum, or carrageenan + propylene glycol alginate treated nets containing the medium concentration of PG effectively inhibited mite reproduction and fungal growth on dry cured ham and could potentially be used in an integrated pest management program to control mites on dry cured hams.
Highlights
Tyrophagus putrescentiae (Schrank, 1781; Klimov and OConnor, 2010), known as the mold mite, cheese mite, or ham mite, is an ubiquitous and economically important mite species that infests a wide variety of stored foods, those with high protein and Approved for publication by the Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station under project MIS-352070, USDANIFA and MIS-326050, USDA-NIDFA
Mite orientation results indicated that a greater number of T. putrescentiae mites were found on the controls than on the treatments of Xanthan gum (XG) + medium lard + medium propylene glycol (PG) (P < 0.01), CG + propylene glycol alginate (PGA) + low lard + medium PG (P < 0.01), or CG + PGA + medium lard + medium PG (P < 0.05; Table 1)
Oviposition data indicated a strong egg-laying preference on the control when compared to its treated ham cube pair (P < 0.01); on average less than 3 eggs were found on treated ham cubes whereas 74 to 165 eggs were found on untreated ham cubes (Table 1)
Summary
Tyrophagus putrescentiae (Schrank, 1781; Klimov and OConnor, 2010), known as the mold mite, cheese mite, or ham mite, is an ubiquitous and economically important mite species that infests a wide variety of stored foods, those with high protein and Approved for publication by the Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station under project MIS-352070, USDANIFA and MIS-326050, USDA-NIDFA. Fat contents (Gulati and Mathur, 1995; Hughes, 1976; Sánchez-Ramos and Castañera, 2001). This mite is a major pest in nuts, grains, aged cheese, dried eggs, dry cured ham, dog food, mushroom beds, and mycology laboratory cultures (Arnau and Guerrero, 1994; Canfield and Wrenn, 2010; Duek et al, 2001; Eaton and Kells, 2009; Erban et al, 2016; García, 2004; Gill et al, 2011; Hughes, 1976; Kheradmand et al, 2007; Rentfrow et al, 2008; Sánchez-Ramos and Castanera, 2000). The dust piles are consist of waste material, dead mites, and shed cuticle, which have pungent and/or minty odors (Nayak, 2006; Townsend, 2007).
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