Abstract
The main purpose of this paper is to investigate multitemporal land surface temperature (LST) changes by using satellite remote sensing data. The study included a real-time field work performed during the overpass of Landsat-5 satellite on 21/08/2011 over Salt Lake, Turkey. Normalized vegetation index (NDVI), vegetation condition index (VCI), and temperature vegetation index (TVX) were used for evaluating drought impact over the region between 1984 and 2011. In the image processing step, geometric and radiometric correction procedures were conducted to make satellite remote sensing data comparable with in situ measurements carried out using thermal infrared thermometer supported by hand-held GPS. The results showed that real-time ground and satellite remote sensing data were in good agreement with correlation coefficient (R 2) values of 0.90. The remotely sensed and treated satellite images and resulting thematic indices maps showed that dramatic land surface temperature changes occurred (about 2°C) in the Salt Lake Basin area during the 28-year period (1984–2011). Analysis of air temperature data also showed increases at a rate of 1.5–2°C during the same period. Intensification of irrigated agriculture particularly in the southern basin was also detected. The use of water supplies, especially groundwater, should be controlled considering particularly summer drought impacts on the basin.
Highlights
Remote sensing is extremely useful for understanding the spatiotemporal land cover change in relation to the basic physical properties in terms of the surface radiance and emissivity data
digital numbers (DN) obtained on TM image were first converted to radiance (1) and to land surface temperature (LST) values (2) to compare satellite data with real-time in situ measurements (Table 2)
Thermal infrared images correlated with real-time ground temperature measurements allow the spatial distribution of LST to be modelled and estimated for an area of interest
Summary
Remote sensing is extremely useful for understanding the spatiotemporal land cover change in relation to the basic physical properties in terms of the surface radiance and emissivity data. Since the 1970s, satellite-derived (such as Landsat Thematic Mapper-TM) surface temperature data have been utilized for regional climate analyses on different scale [1,2,3]. A drought index, which describes the temporal and spatial variations of crop water use status, can be suitable for drought monitoring As climatic data, such as precipitation and air temperature, collected by weather stations have poor spatial resolution, satellite remotely sensed data offer considerable advantages and should be an integral part of monitoring drought, especially for detecting the temporal and spatial evolution of drought. Landsat series of satellites have been used to generate vegetation indices such as the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and to retrieve land surface temperature (LST). LST is a good indicator of the energy balance at the Earth’s surface because it is one of the key parameters in the physics of land-surface processes on regional and global scales
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