Use of Janus Kinase (JAK) Inhibitors in the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Review of Efficacy and Safety Compared to Conventional Therapies

Abstract

Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is a complex autoimmune disorder characterized by chronic synovial inflammation, leading to progressive joint deterioration and substantial morbidity. While conventional disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) have been the cornerstone of RA management, the emergence of Janus Kinase (JAK) inhibitors has revolutionized the treatment paradigm. This comprehensive review paper analyzes the efficacy, safety, and practical considerations associated with JAK inhibitors in managing RA juxtaposed with conventional therapies. Through an exploration of the mechanism of action, the efficacy of JAK inhibitors in ameliorating disease activity and improving patient outcomes is underscored. The review also addresses the safety concerns surrounding using JAK inhibitors, emphasizing the need to monitor potential adverse events. Furthermore, the paper discusses the role of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), corticosteroids, and DMARDs in RA management, highlighting their limitations and benefits. Practical clinical recommendations for using JAK inhibitors are elucidated, considering their positioning as a second-line therapy for patients with inadequate response or intolerance to conventional DMARDs. Finally, the abstract emphasizes the importance of ongoing research and post-marketing surveillance to comprehensively evaluate the long-term implications of JAK inhibitors, aiming to optimize their integration within personalized treatment strategies for RA.