Use of Hepatitis B Core Antibody–Positive Liver Allograft in Hepatitis C Virus–Positive and –Negative Recipients With Use of Short Course of Hepatitis B Immunoglobulin and Lamivudine

Abstract

Introduction With the shortage of donor organs, increasing number of hepatitis B core antibody (HBcAb)–positive [HBcAb(+)] liver allografts are being used for liver transplantation (LTx) in patients who are HBcab-negative [HBsAb(−)]. This study was aimed at assessing outcomes for hepatitis C virus (HCV)-positive [HCV(+)] and HCV-negative [HCV(−)] patients who received HBcAb(+) liver grafts from deceased donors and also received a short course of hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIg) with long-term lamivudine therapy after LTx. Materials and methods From February 1995 through February 2003, 28 patients (mean age 53.8 ± 10.2 years, 19 men and nine women, 16 HCV[−]; 12 HCV[+]) received HbcAb(+) liver allografts. All recipients received a short course of HBIg prophylaxis (10,000 units/day for 4 days) and long-term lamivudine 100 mg/d after LTx in addition to a tacrolimus-based immunosuppressive regimen. Results Seven (25%) of the 28 recipients died during follow-up and three recipients required retransplantation. Three recipients (10.7%) developed HBV infection during follow-up, one of whom died 36 months after LTx and the other two had YMDD mutant HBV. The overall 6-year actuarial patient survival after transplantation was 74.4% and those for HCV(−) and HCV(+) recipients were 81.3% and 66.6%, respectively ( P = .46). The overall 6-year actuarial graft survival was 63.9% and those for HCV(+) and HCV(−) recipients were 68.8% and 57.1%, respectively ( P = .6). Conclusion We conclude that HBcAb(+) liver grafts can be used for both HCV(+) patients and HCV(−) patients who are critically ill, have early hepatocellular carcinoma, or have been exposed to HBV in the past. A short course of HBIg-lamivudine combination therapy provides effective prophylaxis against HBV infection in 89% of recipients of HBcAb(+) grafts.