Use of glucagon-like-peptide 1 receptor agonist in the treatment of childhood obesity.

Abstract

Pediatric obesity is a growing epidemic. Lifestyle modifications remain central to obesity treatment, however pharmacologic options have gained traction, particularly glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA). This review aims to summarize evidence on the use of GLP-1RAs in the management of pediatric obesity, physiological mechanisms of action of GLP-1RAs and their role in appetite regulation and glucose homeostasis and address the challenges and special considerations surrounding GLP-1RA use. Recent studies have highlighted the efficacy of GLP-1RAs, such as exenatide, liraglutide, and semaglutide, in promoting weight loss and improving metabolic parameters in children and adolescents. GLP-1RA's efficacy extends beyond glycemic control to include weight loss mechanisms such as delayed gastric emptying (gastroparesis), and appetite suppression. Semaglutide, the newest GLP-1RA, holds potential for substantial weight loss in adolescents and demonstrates a similar safety and efficacy as seen in adults. GLP-1RAs may offer a promising adjunct therapy for pediatric obesity, particularly in cases where lifestyle interventions alone are insufficient. However, further research is needed to elucidate long-term safety and efficacy outcomes and to address potential disparities in access to care. Overall, this review highlights the relevance and timeliness of incorporating GLP-1RAs into the comprehensive management of pediatric obesity.