Abstract
The aim of this study was the analytical evaluations of human milk fat substitutes (HMFS) synthesized via enzymatic interesterification of lard and milk thistle oil mixtures by a immobilized commercial sn-1,3-specific lipase, using calorimetric and chromatographic methods. The mixtures of lard and milk thistle oil at mass ratio 6:4 and 8:2 were interesterified for 2, 4 and 6 h at the temperature of 60 °C. The determination of fatty acid composition was carried out by gas chromatographic analysis of fatty acid methyl esters. The positional distribution of fatty acids in the sn-2 and sn-1,3 positions of triacylglycerols was based on the ability of the pancreatic lipase to selectively hydrolyze ester bonds in the sn-1,3 positions. Pressure differential scanning calorimetry (PDSC) method was used for the determination of the oxidative stability of HMFS. The oxidative induction time was obtained from the PDSC curves. Due to enzymatic interesterification of mixtures of lard and milk thistle oil, new HMFS that have a similar regiospecific structure of triacylglycerols to human milk fat can be produced. The induction time obtained from PDSC measurements can be used as a parameter for the assessment of the resistance of tested fats to their thermal-oxidative decomposition.
Highlights
There is the commonly accepted opinion that breastfeeding is recognized to enable the best development and growth of newborns; infant formulas became an alternative among mothers who cannot breastfeed their baby
human milk fat (HMF) contains a similar amount of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and saturated fatty acids (SFA), 39.1 and 40.6% respectively, and about 19.5% of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) [19]
Comparing to HMF, lard is characterized by a similar SFA content, but higher MUFA and less PUFA content, 49.7 and 10.7%, respectively (Fig. 1)
Summary
There is the commonly accepted opinion that breastfeeding is recognized to enable the best development and growth of newborns; infant formulas became an alternative among mothers who cannot breastfeed their baby. The development of infant milk fat similar to human milk fat (HMF) catches the attention and became a challenge for food industry [1]. According to previous reports [1,2,3], enzymatic acidolysis and interesterification using sn-1,3-specific lipases are strategies that have received considerable attention in the literature. Interesterification reactions can be directed in controlled ways, and specific or totally new products can be produced [4]. The use of 1,3-selective lipases allows to maintain the fatty acids in the sn-2 position of the acylglycerols. This is nutritionally desirable and not possible to attain by chemical catalysis [3, 5]
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