Use of fungicides on potato plants

Abstract

Potato production in Ukraine is concentrated in the private sector, where it is grown without crop rotation. This leads to the accumulation of infection in the soil and the deterioration of the phytosanitary condition of potato plantings. As a result, the degeneration of potatoes is accelerating. The State Register of Pesticides and Agrochemicals Permitted for Use in Ukraine registers a large number of fungicides that are permitted for use on potatoes. Among almost 90 drugs, 1/3 are simple fungicides, and 2/3 are complex drugs that have a longer spectrum of action and longer effect. All drugs are divided into three main groups of origin: biological (cydox O, pseudobacterin-2), inorganic (blue burgundy, cuproxate, coside, extra honey), organic (the most common group). The article considers the modern range of fungicides of different chemical groups recommended for use on potato varieties. According to the research results the most common active substances are derivatives of carbomic and dithiocarbamic acids (mancozeb, metyram), other chemical compounds (metalaxyl-M, cymoxanil), morpholines (dimetomorph), strobilurins (azoxystrobin, triamoxalodone) and also it given an assessment of the current range of fungicides recommended for use on potato varieties. Everything is necessary to protect potato varieties from diseases. It is necessary to begin protection with use of the combined disinfectants which provide reliable preservation of sprouts of culture, further contact and combined drugs are used. The first treatment is carried out with combined drugs that quickly penetrate the plant and redistribute in it. All combined drugs are used before flowering, after which the treatment is carried out only with contact drugs. High efficiency is shown by the system of protection according to which use of contact drugs alternates with system-contact in 10 days. One of the factors of significant disease damage to potatoes is also the low level of natural resistance to them. The researchers note that potato plants do not have large resistance genes against Phytophthora infestans and Alternaria solani, so the resistance index is determined by the type of polygenic resistance. Scientists have found that the field resistance of potatoes to disease correlates with late ripening. Therefore, the creation of early-maturing varieties with field resistance is quite problematic. This explains the fact that most varieties of early maturity are much more affected by disease than late varieties.