Use of Functionalized Covalent Organic Framework as Sorbent for the Solid-Phase Extraction of Biogenic Amines from Meat Samples Followed by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography

Abstract

A functionalized covalent organic framework (COF) was synthesized via room-temperature solvent-free mechano-chemical grinding method and used as a solid-phase extraction adsorbent for the extraction of eight biogenic amines (tryptamine, n-butylamine, phenylethylamine, cadaverine, putrescine, tyramine, spermine, and spermidine) in diverse meat samples. The target biogenic amines were derived with dansyl chloride to form stable fluorogenic derivatives for their high-performance liquid chromatography–fluorescence detection. The main important experimental parameters were investigated and optimized by both one-factor-at-a-time and response surface methodologies. Under the optimum conditions, a linear response for the biogenic amines was observed in the concentration range of 5.0–800.0 μg L−1 with the coefficients of determination (r2) ranging from 0.9944 to 0.9981. The limits of detection of this method (at a signal-to-noise ratio of 3) for the analytes ranged from 0.92 to 2.57 μg L−1. The method recoveries of the target biogenic amines for five meat samples ranged from 80.3 to 115%, with relative standard deviations lower than 12%. The results indicate that the prepared COF is an effective adsorbent for the enrichment of biogenic amines.