Abstract
ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the technical feasibility of the use of five Eucalyptus species, originating from plantations with short rotation cycle, for particleboards manufacture. The following species have been studied: Eucalyptus benthamii, Eucalyptus dunni, Eucalyptus grandis, Eucalyptus saligna, Eucalyptus urograndis, their mixture and Pinustaeda as a control. 21 wood particleboard have been produced, with nominal density of 0.65 g/cm³, totaling 7 treatments. For the bonding, urea-formaldehyde resin was used, in the proportion of 8% of solids dry weight base of the particles, 2% of catalyst ammonium sulphate on weight of resin and 1% of paraffin. The Eucalyptus particleboards showed lower values of WA2h and WA24h than the particleboards produced with Pinus taeda. The particleboards composed Mix of species exhibited high dimensional stability similar to those produced with the pure Eucalyptus species. E. grandis showed values statistically higher of mechanical resistance (MOR and MOE) to those obtained by the other species studied, as well as, the Eucalyptus species were higher than the control species. In internal bond the particleboards produced with E. grandis was among the highest results of internal bond, being statistically similar to E. saligna. The species Mix particleboards exhibited proprieties in general similar to those produced with the pure Eucalyptus species. All species as well as the mix among them showed technical feasibility for particleboard manufacture.
Highlights
According to the Indústria Brasileira de Árvores (2014), 66.4% of the total consumption in natura of wood of the Brazilian industries of particleboard, are derived from the species of Pinus gender and only 31.7% of the genus Eucalyptus
E. grandis showed values statistically higher of mechanical resistance (MOR and Modulus of Elasticity (MOE)) to those obtained by the other species studied, as well as, the Eucalyptus species were higher than the control species
For compression ratio only the panels manufactured with E. grandis, mixture of five species (Mix) and P. taeda are within the range ideal proposed by Maloney (1993) from 1.3 to 1.6, which according to the author promotes good particles compression and, good physical and mechanical properties of the panels
Summary
According to the Indústria Brasileira de Árvores (2014), 66.4% of the total consumption in natura of wood of the Brazilian industries of particleboard, are derived from the species of Pinus gender and only 31.7% of the genus Eucalyptus. According to ABRAF (2013), out of this total, 46.1% is intended for the sector of coal and wood industry, 42.1% for pulp and paper and only 4.3% goes to the reconstituted panels sector. The majority of these Eucalyptus woods due to being intended exclusively for the energy sector, are derived from short rotation forests, which are not used for other higher value added products such as sawn wood, by having insufficient diameter, or even presenting predominantly juvenile wood, resulting in a high coefficient of anisotropy and growth stress, impairing the wood sawing, machining and drying. It is possible to produce panels of superior quality to those produced nowadays, and still, with the availability of obtaining raw materials from forests with more accelerated growth and cutting when compared to the Pinus forests
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