Use of electromagnetic stimulation on an Enterococcus faecalis biofilm on root canal treated teeth in vitro

Beatriz H D Panariello,Kenneth J Spolnik,George J Eckert,Simone Duarte,Ygal Ehrlich,Justin K Kindler

doi:10.1038/s41598-021-87922-4

Beatriz H D Panariello, Kenneth J Spolnik + Show 4 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-87922-4

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Abstract

Root canal disinfection is of utmost importance in the success of the treatment, thus, a novel method for achieving root canal disinfection by electromagnetic waves, creating a synergistic reaction via electric and thermal energy, was created. To study electromagnetic stimulation (EMS) for the disinfection of root canal in vitro, single rooted teeth were instrumented with a 45.05 Wave One Gold reciprocating file. Specimens were sterilized and inoculated with Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29,212, which grew for 15 days to form an established biofilm. Samples were treated with 6% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), 1.5% NaOCl 1.5% NaOCl with EMS, 0.9% saline with EMS or 0.9% saline. After treatments, the colony forming units (CFU) was determined. Data was analyzed by Wilcoxon Rank Sums Test (α = 0.05). One sample per group was scored and split for confocal laser scanning microscopy imaging. There was a significant effect with the use of NaOCl with or without EMS versus 0.9% saline with or without EMS (p = 0.012 and 0.003, respectively). CFUs were lower when using 0.9% saline with EMS versus 0.9% saline alone (p = 0.002). Confocal imaging confirmed CFU findings. EMS with saline has an antibiofilm effect against E. faecalis and can potentially be applied for endodontic disinfection.

Highlights

Root canal disinfection is of utmost importance in the success of the treatment, a novel method for achieving root canal disinfection by electromagnetic waves, creating a synergistic reaction via electric and thermal energy, was created
electromagnetic stimulation (EMS) appeared to have an antibiofilm effect, as there were fewer colony forming units (CFU) formed when using 0.9% saline and EMS versus 0.9% saline alone (p = 0.002, Fig. 3)
When saline was used with EMS, there was a mixture of red cells, black space, and green cells, indicating some antibiofilm effect in the apical 1.5 mm

Summary

Introduction

Root canal disinfection is of utmost importance in the success of the treatment, a novel method for achieving root canal disinfection by electromagnetic waves, creating a synergistic reaction via electric and thermal energy, was created. In either regenerative or traditional endodontic therapy, achieving an acceptable antimicrobial effect requires fresh sodium hypochlorite remain in the canal space for an extended time which is dependent upon the concentration[7,8,9]. The International Society for Electromagnetic Dentistry (Tominaga Dental Clinic; Naruto, Japan) has developed a novel method for achieving root canal disinfection by energizing lower concentrations of sodium hypochlorite with electromagnetic waves, creating a synergistic reaction via electric and thermal e nergy[20]. In addition to the antimicrobial effect of EMS, there is potential for increased organic tissue dissolution, as well

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