Abstract
The influence of characteristics of electrochemically activated aqueous processing mediums in the treatment of fur skins with different contents of fatty substances was investigated. The use of electroactive water, namely anolytes and catholytes, forgoing antiseptics or surface-active materials, helped to restore the hydration of fur skins and to remove from them soluble proteins, carbohydrates and fatty substances. The activating effect of anolyte and catholyte in solutions of water on the processes of treating raw furs is explained by their special physical and chemical properties, namely the presence of free radicals, ions and molecules of water which easily penetrate cells’ membranes and into the structure of non-collagen components and microfiber structure of dermic collagen. The stage of lengthy acid and salt treatment is excluded from the technical treatment as a result of using electroactivated water with high oxidizing power. A low-cost technology of processing different kinds of fur with the use of electroactivated water provides for substantial economy of water and chemical reagents, a two to threefold acceleration of the soaking and tanning processes and creation of highly elastic fur materials with a specified set of physical and chemical properties. At the same time the technology of preparatory processes of fur treatment excludes the use of such toxic antiseptics as formalin and sodium silicofluoride, which gives grounds to regard it as ecologically safe.
Highlights
The modern manufacturing processes must comply with stringent requirements with regard to the efficiency of the use of raw materials and chemical reagents, the decrease in energy consumption and the enhancement of technical processes and sustainability
This leads to an increase in the degree of hydration of skin tissue collagen due to an ion–dipole bond and coulomb repulsion, which leads to an increase in the degree of watering of fur skins
With the use of catholyte as opposed to anolyte the watering of fur skins consists in the fact that the soaking process is accelerated due to neutralization of ionized amines of collagen
Summary
The modern manufacturing processes must comply with stringent requirements with regard to the efficiency of the use of raw materials and chemical reagents, the decrease in energy consumption and the enhancement of technical processes and sustainability. This is especially relevant for chemical production which presupposes the use of large amounts of processing mediums with a strong concentration of chemical reagents, including toxic ones. This directly concerns the manufacture of fur and leather products. The authors concluded that the application of these ferments is environmentally safe, but their use over a prolonged time (8–12 h) should be restricted in view of the possibility of partially destroying skin collagen and decreasing the mechanical and physical properties of skins
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