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Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the best level of utilization of dried waste of cassava starch extraction (WCSEd) as a substitute for corn for lactating cows. Four lactating cows were fed diets with increasing levels (0%, 33%, 66% and 100%) of WCSEd as a substitute for corn. The intake and digestibility of dry matter and nutrients, milk production and composition, blood parameters of glucose and urea and microbial synthesis of the diets were evaluated. There was a reduction in dry matter intake, organic matter, ether extract and total carbohydrate, and increased intake of acid detergent fiber. Nutrient digestibility was not affected while the synthesis of microbial protein increased. These changes resulted in reduced milk production, without altering the efficiency of production or the constituents of milk, with a decreasing effect on daily production of lactose, solids and minerals. Metabolic parameters, glucose and urea nitrogen in plasma, remained within appropriate levels. The dried residue from the extraction of cassava starch can be used as feed for dairy cows to replace up to 100% of the corn ration. However, its use promotes a reduction in intake of dry matter and nutrients as well as a reduction in the production of milk, with impacts on the profitability of the product.
Highlights
The expansion of milk production in Brazil had led to a search for alternative foods that would minimize production costs and improve the profitability of producers for whom milk is a source of fixed income
The reduction in intake may be associated with the characteristics of cassava processing, such as the rapid degradation of cassava starch (Svihus et al 2005), which results in an increase in the amount of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) formed in the rumen which leads to the restriction of intake in response to metabolic signals of satiety (Meneghetti and Domingues 2008)
These results are consistent with a study by Abrahão et al (2006b), in which heifers fed with corn-based diets showed 10.40% intake superior to those fed with WCSEd-based diets
Summary
The expansion of milk production in Brazil had led to a search for alternative foods that would minimize production costs and improve the profitability of producers for whom milk is a source of fixed income. Cassava processing waste can be obtained in regions near processing plants, due to the large amount of waste produced and the need for its disposal (Reginatto et al 2011) This waste is a cheap energy substitute for the formulation of feed for ruminants, and as it has a similar nutritive value to corn, it is a viable alternative (Ramalho et al 2006). The global demand for native and modified starches is projected to grow from 35 million tons to 50 million between 2011 and 2015 (Felipe et al 2013), boosting production and increasing the amount of waste The conservation of this residue is hampered by its high levels of humidity (85%) (Abrahão et al 2006b). The drying of this byproduct would enable its proper conservation and transport, but raise the costs of acquisition
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