Use of dietary supplementation with β-guanidinopropionic acid to alter the muscle phosphagen system, postmortem metabolism, and pork quality

Abstract

Rate and extent of postmortem metabolism control pork quality development. Our objective was to evaluate the role of the phosphagen system (phosphocreatine, PCr; and creatine, Cr) on metabolism and pork quality. Muscle PCr and Cr were manipulated by feeding pigs the creatine analogue, β-guanidinopropionic acid (β-GPA). In experiment 1, pigs received standard (control) diet or β-GPA supplemented (2%) diet (1wk or 2wk). Supplementation with β-GPA (2wk) decreased total Cr (PCr+Cr; P=0.02) and improved pork color (decreased reflectance, P=0.003); however, β-GPA supplementation reduced growth performance (P=0.007). To separate effects of phosphagen system and growth, a second experiment was conducted with control, pair-fed, and 2wk β-GPA (1%) supplementation; pigs were also offered a control or β-GPA supplemented flavored beverage. Neither treatment influenced pork quality. Immediately postmortem, ATP/ADP was higher in control compared to pair-fed (P<0.05); subsequently, ATP/ADP was similar among all groups. Loss of the phosphagen system may lead to adaptive changes that promote conservation of cellular ATP.