Abstract
Lignocellulose is the most abundant component in nature since it refers to plant material. Beyond the enormous utilization of lignocellulose by human being, unignorable amount of waste is also formed simultaneously. Agro-industrial lignocellulosic wastes can cause environmental pollutions if not processed before discharged. An innovative approach for lowering the detrimental influences of lignocellulosic wastes is to consider them as a source of useful products rather than a waste to be decontaminated. Beyond the conventional techniques for evaluation of the wastes, new emerging techniques and the use of new solvents have drawn attention recently. Among new generation solvents, deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have been increasingly used in the treatment of lignocellulosics to produce value-added products such as biofuels, chemicals, and solvents and also used for the recovery of bioactive phenolic compounds. DESs are used extensively for fractionation of lignocellulosic wastes, often in combination with enzymatic hydrolysis of the biomass. On the other hand, extraction and recovery of bioactive compounds are also under research using DESs. This mini review summarizes the very recent literature reports on the use of DESs in treating agro-industrial wastes within the concept of valorization of biomass.
Highlights
Global municipal solid waste estimated to increase to 2.2 billion tons annually by the third decade of 2000 [1]
Ahmadi et al [124] presented a research on the assessment of the cytotoxicity of 28 natural deep eutectic solvents (NADESs) (HBA: ChCl, hydrogen bond donor (HBD): ethylene glycol, glycerol, 1,2-propanediol, sorbitol, xylitol, xylose, fructose, glucose, mannose, glucosamine, sucrose, maltose, rhamnose, raffinose) by using quantitative structure activity relationship analysis
Recent trends in the reduction of pollution effects of lignocellulosic waste are to convert them into useful products or to recover the natural components within them
Summary
Along with the increase of the global consumption manner of the humanity, the general waste amount has been increasing significantly. Lignocellulose represents the matter of plants in general terms It is the most abundant sustainable carbon source, and the main constituent is lignin that consists of complex organic polymers. Hydrogen bonding interactions are present between linear chains that are found in microfibrils [7], and cellulose has several types of crystalline structure. Most of the lignocellulosic wastes contain phenolic compounds that may cause damage to the environment when discharged without any treatment [13] These wastes may produce odor, soil pollution, and harborage for insects, if not processed further [14]. The use of green techniques has gained a considerable attention due to environmentally friendly characteristics In this mini review, the very recent literature on the use of deep eutectic solvents (DESs) in treating agro-industrial wastes, within the concept of valorization of biomass, is summarized
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