Use of cytochrome P450 1A (CYP1A) in fish as a biomarker of aquatic pollution.

Abstract

Development of diagnostic and predictive biomarkers for use in pollution monitoring depends on a fundamental characterization and understanding of the mechanisms and regulations of the molecular response. Since first proposed as a pollution indicator in the mid-1970s (Payne & Penrose, 1975; Ahokas et al., 1975; Payne, 1976), the insight in the cytochrome P450 (CYP) system in fish, its molecular basis, regulation, and the mechanisms underlying the induction response to organic xenobiotics, has increased tremendously. Although the picture is still far from complete, we now have the knowledge and experience to put its potential as a pollution biomarker into use. However, understanding the influences of factors such as water temperature, season, sexual maturation, developmental status and diet, is an important and critical contribution to the full implementation of CYP1A responses in fish as a biomarker of aquatic pollution.