Abstract
The rate of formation of the lead‐acid battery plate is limited by the conductivity of the positive paste. Efforts to increase the paste conductivity which have been published are reviewed. A proprietary process developed at Johnson Controls for treating the positive plate with ozone to convert the lead oxide to conductive lead dioxide is described. Plate ozonation has two effects: (i) it enhances formation by creating a conductive layer on the plate surface, and (ii) it oxidizes the free lead in the paste to lead oxide.
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