Abstract
Studies were carried out to use the charge-transfer reactions of sumatriptan (SMT), extracted from neutralized sumatriptan succinate (STS), as n-electron donor with the π-acceptor, 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone (DDQ) and σ-acceptor, and iodine (I2). The formation of the colored complexes was utilized for the development of simple, rapid, and accurate spectrophotometric methods for the determination of SMT in pure form as well as in its tablets. The quantification of colored products was made spectrophotometrically at 585 nm for the CT complex formed between SMT and DDQ (DDQ method) and at 375 nm for the CT complex formed between SMT and I2 (I2 method). Beer’s law is obeyed over the concentration ranges of 4.0–56.0 μg mL−1 and 2.0–28.0 for DDQ and I2, respectively, with correlation coefficients () of 0.9997 and 0.9998. The analytical parameters such as apparent molar absorptivity, Sandell’s sensitivities, and limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) are also reported for both methods. The described methods were successfully applied to the determination of SMT in tablets. No interference was observed from the common excipients present in tablets. The reaction stoichiometry in both methods was evaluated by Job’s method of continuous variations and was found to be 1 : 1 (donor : acceptor).
Highlights
Triptans are a group of tryptamine-based drugs used in the acute treatment of migraine headaches
Several methods have been reported for the determination of sumatriptan succinate (STS) in pharmaceuticals and include UV spectrophotometry [12,13,14,15,16], high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) [17,18,19,20], ultraperformance liquid chromatography (UPLC) [21], high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) [16, 22], capillary electrophoresis [23], micellar electrokinetic chromatography [24], and voltammetry [25,26,27]
The reaction of DDQ as a π-acceptor with sumatriptan base as n-electron donor results in the formation of an intense reddish violet product which exhibits three maxima at 585, 550, and 460 nm (Figure 3). These bands can be attributed to the formation of DDQ radical anions arising from the complete transfer of n-electrons from donor to acceptor moieties in acetonitrile
Summary
Triptans are a group of tryptamine-based drugs used in the acute treatment of migraine headaches. Based on C-T complexation reactions, SMT has been assayed in pharmaceuticals employing p-chloranilic acid [37] and 2,3,5,6-tetrachloro-p-benzoquinone [29] as π-acceptors. Substituted quinine such as 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4benzoquinone (DDQ) (a π-acceptor) and iodine (I2) (a σacceptor) have earlier been used as C-T complexing agents for the spectrophotometric assay of several pharmaceuticals [38,39,40]. Attempts have been made to assay SMT (donor) in pure drug and in tablets through C-T complexation with DDQ and iodine as acceptors These methods have been demonstrated to be simple, rapid, and free from drastic experimental conditions and have wide linear dynamic ranges and are more sensitive than many reported methods (Table 1)
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