Use of cannabis in medicine and pharmacy

Abstract

Therapeutic properties of cannabis have been known since ancient times, although the application has been limited mainly due to narcotic characteristics of this plant. Nowadays, the pharmacologically active substance in cannabis - cannabinoids, presents a very interesting group of compounds with potentially significant applications in medicine and pharmacy. Research studies have clearly shown that cannabinoids are highly efficient, primarily in the treatment of nausea and vomiting and the management of chronic pain. For patients who suffer from severe, chronic diseases, such as cancer and AIDS, cannabis has been shown to relieve several symptoms at the same time, in more efficient way than some registered medicines. Besides, there is a great potential of cannabinoids to be applied for the treatment of many other pathological conditions, such as multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, epilepsy, hype­rtension, glaucoma, although it is necessary to complete the last phases of clinical trials in order to register these compounds as drugs, i.e. in order to assure the safe therapy for these diseases. Although tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) proved to be very efficient in the treatment of numerous diseases, new drugs have been intensively developing that tend to possess improved selectivity, better pharmacokinetic properties, and favorable relationship between desired pharmacological effect and side effects. Legalization of cannabis use for medical purposes is a hot topic at the global level and in most countries there have been initiatives to amend the existing laws in order to make drugs based on natural ingredients of cannabis, as well as other related products, synthetically produced, available to patients, that would certainly, based on the results of investigations, contribute to a better quality of patients' lives.