Use of caffeic acid phenethyl ester to prevent sodium-selenite-induced cataract in rat eyes

Abstract

Purpose To investigate whether caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) prevents sodium-selenite-induced cataract. Setting Department of Ophthalmology and Biochemistry, Inonu University Medical Faculty, Turgut Ozal Medical Center, Research Hospital, Malatya, Turkey. Methods Sixty Spraque-Dawley rat litters were randomized into 3 groups. In Group 1 (n = 18), sodium selenite (30 nmol/g body weight) was injected subcutaneously on postpartum day 10. In Group 2 (n = 22), subcutaneous CAPE (15 μmol/kg) and sodium selenite (30 nmol/g body weight) were injected on postpartum day 10. The CAPE dose was continued subcutaneously for 3 days after the initial injection. Only subcutaneous saline was injected in Group 3 (control, n = 20). The development of cataract was assessed weekly, and its density was graded by slitlamp biomicroscopy and photography. Removed rat lenses were analyzed for glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA, marker of lipid peroxidation). Results Group 2 rats had clear lenses or minor cataract. All Group 1 rats developed more severe cataract or complete opacification. The between-group difference was statistically significant ( P < .05). All control lenses (Group 3) were clear. The mean GSH level in Group 1 (4.49 μmol/g wet weight ± 0.93 [SD]) was significantly lower than that in Group 2 (8.63 ± 0.88 μmol/g wet weight) ( P < .05) and controls (10.76 ± 1.97 μmol/g wet weight) ( P < .05). The mean MDA level in Group 1 (8.54 ± 1.31 nmol/g wet weight) was significantly higher than that in Group 2 (5.23 ± 0.84 nmol/g wet weight) ( P < .05) and controls (4.19 ± 0.81 nmol/g wet weight) ( P < .05). Conclusion Caffeic acid phenethyl ester effectively suppressed cataract formation in rats. The protective effect was supported by lower GSH and higher MDA levels in Group 1 than in Group 2, suggesting the antioxidant efficacy of this agent. Since CAPE has no known harmful effect on normal cells, it may be beneficial in clinical use in humans.