Abstract
This study investigated the potential of Brazilian kaolin as a low-cost adsorbent for the removal of Malachite Green (MG) from colored effluents. The morphology, chemical structure and surface properties of the adsorbent were investigated by characterization techniques such as X-ray diffraction, N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray fluorescence spectrometry, scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis and particle size distribution. A possible technological application of raw kaolin is the MG removal from aqueous media, which was investigated using batch adsorption experiments. The adsorption kinetics was studied using the pseudo-first order, pseudo-second order and Elovich models. The adsorption isotherms were studied using the Langmuir, Freundlich and Sips models. The Elovich model was the more adequate to represent the adsorption kinetic, while the equilibrium was well represented by the Langmuir model. The maximum adsorption capacity, at pH of 6.3 and temperature of 25oC, was 128 mg g-1, and this satisfactory result may be associated with some adsorbent properties. Therefore, the results revealed that raw kaolin can be utilized as a promising low-cost adsorbent to remove MG from colored effluents.
Highlights
Dyes are used as coloring agents in many industries, and if improperly discarded into the environment, it can cause adverse effects to the human life and aquatic ecosystem[1,2]
Some methods used for dye removal from industrial wastewater are flotation[3], filtration[4], adsorption[5,6,7,8] and photocatalysis[9,10]
Among the various available methods, the adsorption process is one of the most effective techniques, which has been successfully employed for dye removal from wastewater[11,12,13,14,15,16,17]
Summary
Dyes are used as coloring agents in many industries, and if improperly discarded into the environment, it can cause adverse effects to the human life and aquatic ecosystem[1,2]. Some methods used for dye removal from industrial wastewater are flotation[3], filtration[4], adsorption[5,6,7,8] and photocatalysis[9,10]. Among the various available methods, the adsorption process is one of the most effective techniques, which has been successfully employed for dye removal from wastewater[11,12,13,14,15,16,17]. Low-cost materials may be used as promising dye adsorbents in order to make the adsorption process less expensive. In this sense, several low-cost materials have been used as adsorbents to treat dye-containing wastewater[19,20,21,22,23]. Clay minerals have been used as a potential adsorbents for this purpose[23,24]
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