Abstract
Food waste accounts for a substantial portion of the organic waste generated at an increasing rate worldwide. Organic waste, including food waste, is largely subjected to landfill disposal, incineration, and anaerobic digestion; however, more sustainable methods are needed for treating it. Treatment of organic waste using black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae is an environmentally safe and cost-efficient method that has been attracting increasing attention worldwide. Black soldier fly decomposes various types of organic waste and converts them into high-value biomasses such as oils and proteins. This review introduces the trends in research related to the treatment of organic waste by black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae (BSFL) and their bioconversion efficiencies in Asian countries. Perspectives on the growth of BSFL during waste treatment operation and optimal rearing conditions are provided. The trends in studies related to the application of BSFL as biofuel and animal feed are also discussed. Such use of BSFL would be beneficial in Asia, especially in countries where the technology for processing organic waste is not readily available. This review may provide further directions of investigations including culture techniques for industrial scale applications of BSFL in food waste treatment and resource production in Asian countries.
Highlights
Trends in Food Waste GenerationThe amount of consumed food is increasing exponentially owing to the improvement in living standards and the growth of the human population
The BSFL contain natural antibiotics such as defensin-like peptide 4 (DLP4), where defensin is an antibacterial peptide secreted by fungi [16], can potentially modify harmful microorganisms in manure and food waste as well as reduce the abundance of Escherichia coli 0157:H7 and Salmonella enterica [17]
The effects of three other plant-based organic wastes produced in Indonesia, namely horse excrement, vegetable waste, and tofu dreg, on the growth of BSFL were investigated [62], and all were reported to be suitable for cultivating BSFL
Summary
The amount of consumed food is increasing exponentially owing to the improvement in living standards and the growth of the human population. The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) defined food waste as food that is discarded, generally at retail and consumption stages [1]. In Korea, food waste is defined as the waste generated or dumped during the production, distribution, processing, cooking, storage, and consumption of food and food ingredients. More than 2.1 billion tons of municipal solid waste is generated worldwide each year, but only about 16% is recycled and more than 46% is discarded [2]. The amount of food waste is expected to increase over the 25 years, mainly owing to the growing economies and populations of Asian countries. As a country’s income level increaselse,vtehleinpcrroepaosertsi,otnheofpororpgaonrtiicown aosfteorignasnoiclidwwasatestiendseoclrideawseass;tiendleocwre-iansceosm; ine low-income countries thecpoeurncetrniteasgethoef poregrcaennictawgaesotef iosr6g4a%ni,cbuwtatshties ivsal6u4e%i,s breudtutcheids tvoal2u8e%isinrhediguhc-ed to 28% in income counthriigehs -[i6n]c.oTmheusc,oeufnfetrciteivse[6t]r.eTahtmuse,netffteeccthinvoeltorgeiaetsmaernet rteeqchuniroeldogtoiesreadrue creeqtuhiered to reduce environmentathl eanednveicroonnommenictabluarnddenescoonf oomrgiacnbiuc rwdaesntse.of organic waste
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