Abstract
ABSTRACT Purpose: to identify biofeedback methods combined with conventional therapy in the swallowing rehabilitation of older adults. Methods :an integrative literature review that searched the LILACS, MEDLINE/PubMed, BIREME, SciELO, and Scopus databases, with no restrictions of time or language. The search items used were deglutition, biofeedback, elderly, rehabilitation, and their corresponding terms in Portuguese. The articles were evaluated with the adapted Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). Results: out of the 73 articles found in the databases, four, with a longitudinal design, were considered eligible. The biofeedback methods described were accelerometry, pressure balloon, and surface electromyography. The swallowing disorders observed were hypofunctioning of articulatory organs, increased oral transit, decreased laryngeal elevation, residues in pyriform sinuses and vallecula, reduced cough reflex, and change in voice quality. Regarding the effectiveness assessment of the recommended technique, a study used the clinical assessment combined with videofluoroscopy, before and after the treatment, two studies used the videofluoroscopy before the treatment and clinical assessment after it, and one study used clinical assessment prior to the treatment and swallowing videoendoscopy after it. As for the assessment of bias risk, one article was classified as low, two as intermediate, and one as high, in terms of risk. Conclusion: the biofeedback methods combined with conventional therapy to treat dysphagia in older adults were accelerometry, pressure balloon, and surface electromyography, whose use had positive effects.
Highlights
The demographic and epidemiologic profile of the world population has been changing in the last decades, posing a great challenge to global public health
There is a gradual loss of motivation throughout the rehabilitation treatment, as well as a high nonattendance rate on the part of the patients even before the treatment is concluded
This study aimed to survey the scientific literature to identify what biofeedback methods are used in combination with conventional therapy in the swallowing rehabilitation of older adults
Summary
The demographic and epidemiologic profile of the world population has been changing in the last decades, posing a great challenge to global public health. The changes in this function are considered normal and are characterized by slowed movement and decreased orofacial sensitivity, strength, and mobility of some oral structures. These conditions can aggravate the clinical condition, with complications such as dysphagia associated with malnutrition, dehydration, and risk of bronchoaspiration, potentially leading to frustration and denial when eating, interfering with the older adult’s quality of life[5]. There is a gradual loss of motivation throughout the rehabilitation treatment, as well as a high nonattendance rate on the part of the patients even before the treatment is concluded This scenario led to the search for new methods to make the activity more interesting and fun, resulting in their greater commitment to the treatment[6]. This study aimed to survey the scientific literature to identify what biofeedback methods are used in combination with conventional therapy in the swallowing rehabilitation of older adults
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