Abstract
The death and injuries of road users is one of the biggest problems that negatively affect the development of society and socio-economic progress. The price of human life is too high to neglect the least opportunity to save it. Therefore, the object of research is the huge amounts of information that modern society generates and which are known under the general concept of Big data. Regarding highways and streets, Big Data means arrays of information about a network of highways and streets, design decisions applied to them, operational status, traffic conditions, interaction of pedestrian and traffic flows and the like.The study used Big Data from road owners, suppliers of cartographic and navigation systems, intelligent transportation systems and law enforcement. For each of the Big Data sources, the methods of collection and processing, the scope, degree of selectivity, and accuracy of the measurements are evaluated.The results confirm the fact that the main indicator characterizing the influence of road conditions, the technical condition of the car and psycho-physiological factors on the driver is the speed of both individual vehicles and traffic flows over a certain period of time and on a selected section of the road. The proposed approach is based on the fact that speeds with a high degree of reliability can be established using the Big Data in a form suitable for machine processing. Big data is not just a source of information, it allows to track trends, assess risks and make forecasts.The obtained results indicate that Big data can and should be used to describe traffic conditions and analyze the behavior of road users, including in order to better understand the interaction of factors in the occurrence of road traffic accidents (RTAs). And also, as far as possible, to prevent emergencies and/or reduce the severity of the consequences of the traffic accident. Thus, Big Data can be used to update the current approaches to determining the concentration of traffic accidents and the existing methods for assessing the impact of road conditions on road safety.
Highlights
According to statistics [1] published by the World Health Organization, in 2016, one person died on roads and streets every 24 seconds in traffic accidents
According to the estimates given in [2], almost 90 % of all deaths due to traffic accidents occur in middle- and low-income countries
With the help of the Big Data, confirmation is obtained that the human factor has a decisive influence on the occurrence of an emergency, and the vehicle speed is the determining factor in the severity of the consequences of the traffic accident
Summary
According to statistics [1] published by the World Health Organization, in 2016, one person died on roads and streets every 24 seconds in traffic accidents. Reducing the risk of traffic accidents requires determination and informed decision-making by senior management of the state, industry, non-governmental and international organizations. It requires the cooperation and interaction of specialists and experts, including road designers, vehicle designers, law enforcement agencies, medical professionals, journalists, scientists and educators, public organizations, opinion leaders and individual road users. Updates require approaches to the analysis of traffic accidents on roads and streets, methods for assessing the impact of road conditions, the technical condition of the car and the psycho-physiological state of the driver on road safety. As well as gaining new knowledge about traffic accidents, which will be used to improve road safety
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