Abstract
The consumption of antibiotics has been widely discussed, mainly because of antibacterial resistance, which has become a worldwide concern. In Brazil, sale of antibiotics is currently ruled by Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (ANVISA) regulation RDC 20/2011, which restricts sales to those made under medical prescription. The aims of this study were to evaluate antibiotic use and associated factors among adults in the Metropolitan Region of Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil, and to assess the proportion of self-medication from this use. Population-based cross-sectional study conducted in the Metropolitan Region of Manaus between May and August 2015. Adults aged ≥ 18 years were selected through probabilistic sampling in three stages. Trained interviewers collected data from the participants in their homes. Antibiotic consumption over the last 15 days was reported. Bivariate analysis was used to calculate the prevalence ratio (PR) of antibiotic usage, with 95% confidence interval (95% CI). A multivariate model adjusted according to significant variables at P ≤ 0.20 using Poisson regression with robust variance was constructed. The prevalence of antibiotic use was 3.4% (95% CI 2.8-4.0%). Adjusted analysis showed that consumption was higher among women than among men (PR 1.58; 95% CI 1.11-2.24) and among people with fair health status than among those with good health (PR 1.52; 95% CI 1.08-2.15). The prevalence of self-medication was 19.0%; amoxicillin was the most self-medicated antibiotic (10/26). Antibiotic use was associated with women and individuals with fair health status. One fifth of the antibiotics were consumed through self-medication, contrary to the current Brazilian legislation.
Highlights
Antimicrobials are medicines that kill or prevent the growth of pathological microorganisms in the body
In Brazil, sale of antibiotics has been regulated since 2010, initially through resolution (Resolução de Diretoria Colegiada, RDC) number 44/2010 of the Brazilian Health Regulatory Agency (Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária, ANVISA), and subsequently through ANVISA resolution RDC 20/2011, which remains in force
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of antibiotic consumption and associated factors among adults in a metropolitan region in northern Brazil, and to estimate the rate of self-medication. Design This was a population-based cross-sectional study conducted between May and August 2015 among adults living in the Metropolitan Region of Manaus, which is located in the northern region of Brazil
Summary
Antimicrobials are medicines that kill or prevent the growth of pathological microorganisms in the body. There will be economic losses of 100 trillion dollars due to resistant infections worldwide, if the current scenario does not change.[5] In Brazil, sale of antibiotics has been regulated since 2010, initially through resolution (Resolução de Diretoria Colegiada, RDC) number 44/2010 of the Brazilian Health Regulatory Agency (Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária, ANVISA), and subsequently through ANVISA resolution RDC 20/2011, which remains in force. The aims of this study were to evaluate antibiotic use and associated factors among adults in the Metropolitan Region of Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil, and to assess the proportion of self-medication from this use. One fifth of the antibiotics were consumed through self-medication, contrary to the current Brazilian legislation
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