Use of anesthesia in laparoscopic surgery

Abstract

Introduction: Laparoscopic surgery has become a widely used surgical approach due to its benefits, such as less surgical trauma, reduced recovery time and less postoperative pain. Anesthesia plays a key role in supporting these procedures, providing adequate conditions of safety and comfort for patients. Understanding the specific anesthetic considerations of laparoscopic surgery is essential to ensure a successful surgical experience. Objective: This narrative review article aims to analyze the use of anesthesia in laparoscopic surgery, examining the specific anesthetic considerations, the most commonly used anesthetic techniques and the challenges encountered during the procedure. Theoretical background: The topics covered in the theoretical background include preoperative considerations in 3 axes: patient assessment, pre-anesthetic preparation and adequate fasting. In addition, the importance of adequate monitoring during the procedure, pneumoperitoneum management, postoperative analgesia techniques and intra-abdominal pressure control are discussed. Methodology: The bibliographic research was conducted using the electronic databases PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science. The following descriptors were used: "laparoscopic surgery", "anesthesia", "anesthetic management". The inclusion criteria were original articles, available in full text and written in English. Final Results: The proper use of anesthesia in laparoscopic surgery requires a careful and personalized approach. The choice of anesthetic technique, including the type of neuromuscular blockade, must be adapted to the characteristics of the patient and the surgical procedure. Adequate monitoring, including capnography and invasive blood pressure, is essential for the early detection of complications. The use of multimodal analgesia techniques, such as the infiltration of local anesthetics at the incision site and the administration of systemic analgesics, can contribute to better postoperative pain control and promote faster recovery.