Abstract
Ultrasonic stethoscopy proved to be a reliable and convenient technique for determing fetal viability in Macaca mulatta. Examinations, begun at day 150 of gestation in 33 monkeys and between days 32 and 58 in four other animals, were repeated at intervals of one to seven days. The earliest time of detecting blood flow in the fetal placenta was 42 days of gestation, fetal heart sounds geing discerned later. Three types of fetal cardiac rhythms were recognized: (1) a constant rate during most of pregnancy, (2) fluctuations associated with uterine contractions during labor, and (3) sudden transient bradycardia during violent rotations of the cephalically presented fetus.
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