Abstract
Abstract The effect of solvent structure, particularly the application of the low molecular weight aliphatic alcohols, on the radiation grafting of monomers to PVC with the use of cobalt-60 and the simultaneous procedure is discussed. The addition of sulfuric acid to a typical system such as styrene/methanol/PVC enhances both the grafting yield and the size of the Trommsdorff peak. The results are shown to be consistent with a mechanism involving charge-transfer complex formation between monomer and grafting site in PVC. The role of hydrogen atoms in these reactions, particularly in the presence of sulfuric acid, is emphasized, and the importance of the magnitude of G(H) on the grafting yields and the Trommsdorff effect is discussed. These principles, developed for radiation grafting styrene, are shown to be of value for the radiation copolymerization of p-nitrostyrene and vinyl phosphorus monomers to PVC. The use of these PVC copolymers for immobilizing enzymes such as trypsin and heterogenizing typical ...
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