Use of ACE inhibitors is associated with prolonged survival of arteriovenous grafts

Abstract

Vascular access complications are common in hemodialysis patients. To investigate whether the use of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors influences the rate of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) graft complications, we compared the rate of intervention-free graft survival among patients treated versus not treated with ACE inhibitors. We retrospectively analyzed the survival of grafts placed at our institution between January 1, 1995, and October 31, 1999. Among 121 grafts, 25 grafts were placed in 19 patients treated with ACE inhibitors and 96 grafts were placed in 68 patients not treated with ACE inhibitors. Follow-up ranged from 1 month to 5 years. Ten of 25 grafts failed in the ACE-inhibitor group and 62 of 95 grafts failed in the non–ACE-inhibitor group. Actuarial intervention-free access survival rates (Kaplan-Meier) were significantly greater in the ACE-inhibitor than non–ACE-inhibitor group (71% versus 53% at 6 months, 58% versus 35% at 12 months, and 44% versus 22% at 24 months; P = 0.04). Using a Cox model adjusting for age, race, sex, and diabetes, the relative risk (RR) for access failure in the ACE-inhibitor group was 53% less than in the non–ACE-inhibitor group (RR, 0.47; p < 0.03). In a more complex Cox model with additional adjustment for comorbid conditions, the RR was even lower (RR, 0.32; P = 0.003) for the ACE-inhibitor compared with non–ACE-inhibitor group (reference = 1.00). The lower RR was observed for patients with and without congestive heart failure. These results suggest that ACE inhibitors offer clinical promise in the prevention of PTFE graft failure. A prospective randomized trial is warranted to confirm the benefit of ACE inhibitors. © 2001 by the National Kidney Foundation, Inc.