Abstract
Magnetic measurements like Hall Effect, etc. have a long history of providing useful information related to material characterization. Here, we study glasses using a very sensitive AC Faraday rotation (FR) setup to show that magneto-optic techniques can also be utilized to study types of samples that are not necessarily known for their magnetic response. Samples included in this study are widely used in technological and research applications ranging from microscopy to solar cell applications. The experimental setup employs a stabilized He-Ne lase (633 nm) along with AC magnetic field that enables lock-in detection. We investigate a series of glass samples that include borosilicate glass (BSG) and quartz subjected to UV treatment and glass with transparent conducting oxide films (TCO). The TCO samples include the more widely used Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) and the relatively newer Fluorine doped Tin Oxide films, usually referred to as FTO. Various other measurements like absorbance, four-point probe, and ellipsometry have been conducted on these samples as well. We mention the results of these measurements in conjunction with FR measurements, where needed. This work is focused on reporting novel results. A much more comprehensive manuscript is under preparation that explores the deeper connections between FR and the above-mentioned measurements.
Highlights
Glass as a material is generally well understood
In this work we present the details of an AC version of Faraday rotation (FR), along with lock-in detection that allows us to characterize the magnetic response of transparent conducting oxide films (TCO) films with a high degree of confidence
Resistivity is obtained from 4-point probe measurements and thickness of Indium Tin Oxide (ITO)/FTO films is obtained from ellipsometry
Summary
Glass as a material is generally well understood. It has proven to be remarkably versatile as a substrate material. While glass substrates may have a difficult to measure magnetic response, many films on these substrates that are of technological and scientific significance have magnetic properties that are important to characterize. In this work we present the details of an AC version of FR, along with lock-in detection that allows us to characterize the magnetic response of TCO films with a high degree of confidence. To our knowledge this is the first report of FR measurements for one of the types of TCO films we have analyzed (Fluorine doped ITO films). In addition to film properties, glass substrates are often cured by subjecting them to ultraviolet (UV) light. To our knowledge, this is the first such report of its type
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