Abstract
Aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Hibiscus sabdariffa were spray-dried using maltodextrin (MD) and gum arabic (GA) as carrier agents. A Taguchi L8 experimental design with seven variables was implemented. Physicochemical properties in the encapsulates were evaluated by Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-Vis,) X-ray Diffraction (XRD), spectroscopy and gravimetric techniques. Treatments with aqueous extracts showed the highest concentration of total soluble polyphenols (TSP) 32.12–21.23 mg equivalent gallic acid (EAG)/g dry weight (DW), and antioxidant capacity (AOX) in the 2,2-azinobis-3-ethylbenzotiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) assay. The best treatment for TSP and AOX was T4: 2.5% Hibiscus w/w, aqueous extract, decoction, extract-to-carrier ratio 1:1 (w/w), proportion to carriers (MD:GA) 80:20 (w/w), 10,000 rpm, 150 °C. The Taguchi L8 design is a tool that allows the use of multiple variables with a low number of treatments that indicate the drying conditions that give the best parameters, focusing mainly on TSP and AOX, also, it is a good alternative for the preservation and stability of the phenolic compoudns in Hibiscus.
Highlights
Hibiscus sabdariffa L. is a shrub that belongs to the Malvaceae family, is a good source of dietary fiber (DF) rich in non-starch polysaccharides, and phenolic compounds (PC) such as flavonoids, anthocyanins, and phenolic acids [1,2]
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of spray-drying variables, in an aqueous and ethanolic extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa on the PC content and antioxidant capacity (AOX) by the experimental Taguchi L8 design, as well as analyze the physicochemical properties of the encapsulated products
The extract/carrier ratio is another factor to consider, as treatments with a 1:2 (w/w) ratio have a higher carrier agent content and higher temperature tolerance resulting in higher Encapsulation Yield (EY) [27]
Summary
Hibiscus sabdariffa L. is a shrub that belongs to the Malvaceae family, is a good source of dietary fiber (DF) rich in non-starch polysaccharides, and phenolic compounds (PC) such as flavonoids (kaempferol, quercetin, hibiscetin), anthocyanins (cyanidin, delphinidin. hibiscin), and phenolic acids (protocatechuic acid, chlorogenic acid, hibisicus acid) [1,2]. Hibiscus sabdariffa L. is a shrub that belongs to the Malvaceae family, is a good source of dietary fiber (DF) rich in non-starch polysaccharides, and phenolic compounds (PC) such as flavonoids (kaempferol, quercetin, hibiscetin), anthocyanins PC extracts from Hibiscus can be used in diverse functional applications such as antioxidant, antihypertensive, effectiveness against low-density lipoprotein oxidation, and hyperlipidemia [2], but they are sensitive to UV rays, oxygen, and high temperatures [4]. Spray-drying encapsulation has been demonstrated to be a useful and economical technique to preserve chemical stability, and PC structure [4]. The selection of a carrier agent depends upon the physicochemical properties and the final application of the product. Maltodextrin (MD) is one of the most common carrier agents used for encapsulation that shows low viscosity at high solid
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