Abstract
We propose optimizing multifunctional multistage erbiumdoped fiber amplifiers (EDFAs) with complex structures by use of a genetic algorithm. With this method, we investigated optimum configurations of C- and L-band gain-flattened multistage EDFAs containing gain-flattening filters and high-loss interstage elements for dense wavelength-division multiplexing systems in detail and compared the amplifiers with various kinds of configurations under different design criteria. With the guidance of optimization results, the roles of all the factors such as pumping schemes, pump-power allocation, component position, and insertion loss in the optimization of EDFAs have been studied, and useful guidelines for optimizations have been provided.
Highlights
The rapid development of optical fiber communications along with maturing large-capacity broadband transmission systems has led to the growth of erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFAs) from simple gain block designs to complicated systems consisting of multiple functional elements
Through calculation we know that if there is no insertion loss, the optimized L-band EDFA can have very high PEC (>60%) for the allowed noise figure (NF) < 5.5 dB, but when we take the loss into account, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) decreases to 42% even for the allowed NF of 6.5 dB
A compromise between the noise and gain performance is the main issue in EDFA optimization; choosing the pump-power allocation and component position for multistage EDFA is key to the compromise
Summary
The rapid development of optical fiber communications along with maturing large-capacity broadband transmission systems has led to the growth of erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFAs) from simple gain block designs to complicated systems consisting of multiple functional elements. Many additional features such as the amplified spontaneous noise (ASE) filter, the gain-flattening filter (GFF), and the dispersion compensator are incorporated in the midsection of amplifiers [1]. There are two subsections in Section 3: the first presents optimizations for amplifiers with various configurations by use of the GA method. Some useful guidelines for designing a multistage EDFA with high pump efficiency to satisfy the system’s requirements are discussed in this subsection
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