Abstract

A bismuth ion-selective electrode has been used to determine the nature and stability of the complexes formed by bismuth with citric acid and malic acid, by measurement of the response of the electrode to different total bismuth concentrations at various combinations of pH and total ligand concentration. The values found were β 2 = 3 × 10 13 for Bi(Cit) 2 3− and β 3 = 8 × 10 9 for Bi(Mal) 2 3−.

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