Use of 3D applicator for intranasal microneedle arrays for combinational therapy in migraine

Abstract

The objective of current research work was to fabricate dissolving microneedles combining ergotamine and caffeine for synergistic action using controlled release kinetics with better permeability. The method of preparation for microneedles utilized multiple emulsion (w/o/w) approach by solvent-diffusion-evaporation process wherein the nano-emulsion of ergotamine and caffeine prepared using PLGA polymer and PVA as a stabilizer. The PLGA nanospheres were further loaded in polymer matrix of PVA and PVP K-90 and the final mixture poured in sterile silicon molds of microneedles. The PLGA nanospheres exhibited particle size in narrow range of 280.34 ± 6.61 to 416.0 ± 9.67 nm and good colloidal stability with negative zeta potential ranging between −19.08 ± 8.77 to −22.49 ± 8.09 mV. Higher entrapment efficiency (86.21 ± 4.52 %) for ergotamine and controlled release pattern (49.79 ± 4.16 % at 48 h) displayed by PLGA nanospheres. Similarly, the dissolving microneedles loaded with PLGA nanospheres showed controlled release pattern for in-vitro and ex-vivo drug release studies with 52.01 ± 5.71 % for ERM and 87.04 ± 2.44 % for CFE at 48 h whereas ex-vivo release studies illustrated similar results of 51.08 ± 3.56 % for ERM and 69.2 ± 2.16 % for CFE. The anti-hyperalgesic capability of microneedles was verified by the acetic acid writhing test, and the non-toxicity of synthetic microneedles was confirmed by histopathology and serotonin toxicity studies. The novel 3D applicator effectively delivered the microneedle array into the nasal cavity for systemic action. Therefore, the fabricated rapid dissolving microneedles combining two drugs ergotamine and caffeine with use of 3D applicator proved to be a coherent technique for intranasal delivery of ergotamine in the treatment of migraine.