Abstract
There is currently unprecedented interest in quantifying variation in thermal physiology among organisms, especially in order to understand and predict the biological impacts of climate change. A key parameter in this quantification of thermal physiology is the performance or value of a rate, across individuals or species, at a common temperature (temperature normalisation). An increasingly popular model for fitting thermal performance curves to data—the Sharpe-Schoolfield equation—can yield strongly inflated estimates of temperature-normalised rate values. These deviations occur whenever a key thermodynamic assumption of the model is violated, i.e., when the enzyme governing the performance of the rate is not fully functional at the chosen reference temperature. Using data on 1,758 thermal performance curves across a wide range of species, we identify the conditions that exacerbate this inflation. We then demonstrate that these biases can compromise tests to detect metabolic cold adaptation, which requires comparison of fitness or rate performance of different species or genotypes at some fixed low temperature. Finally, we suggest alternative methods for obtaining unbiased estimates of temperature-normalised rate values for meta-analyses of thermal performance across species in climate change impact studies.
Highlights
IntroductionTemperature is a key factor that directly or indirectly governs the performance of biochemical reaction rates, physiological rates (e.g., respiration and photosynthesis), and even ecological rates (e.g., prey encounter rate)
Temperature is a key factor that directly or indirectly governs the performance of biochemical reaction rates, physiological rates, and even ecological rates
Understanding how biological rates respond to changes in environmental temperature is important for ecological and comparative evolutionary analyses of thermal physiology, for better predicting how climate change will influence the dynamics of populations, communities, and ecosystems (Brown et al, 2004; Pörtner et al, 2006; Dell, Pawar & Savage, 2011; Hoffmann & Sgrò, 2011; Schulte, Healy & Fangue, 2011; Pawar, Dell & Savage, 2015)
Summary
Temperature is a key factor that directly or indirectly governs the performance of biochemical reaction rates, physiological rates (e.g., respiration and photosynthesis), and even ecological rates (e.g., prey encounter rate).
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