Usability of Blockchain Technology in Higher Education: A systematic review identifying the current issues in the education system

Abstract

Blockchain facilitates the creation of a shared document of a digital transaction in a distributed way where no third-party regulates any data or related activity. Earlier blockchain was used to transmit money, but today it has a huge scope of utilization in various domains like banking, health care, the Internet of Things (IoT), and many more. Inside the educational domain, blockchain offers many circumstances for disperse administration of records in an interoperable way in higher educational institutions. The primary purpose of the study is to address the current issues relevant to educational institutions and to identify the appropriate blockchain characteristics that can solve these issues. To recognize and extract significant knowledge from the selected research studies, a systematic literature review approach has been followed by us. Our research study represents the current problems in three forms, i.e., financial, digital, and physical. The consequences of the study show that the main problems faced by education institutions are the risk of manipulation, the tough of authenticating, and difficulty in interchanging records among institutions. This research analyzes the blockchain characteristics such as fragmentation, traceability, and consensus system, focusing on a few problems relevant in this domain.