Usability and User Experience (UX) of Human-Automation Interaction: Concept and Measurement Method

Abstract

AbstractUsability and UX are the concepts that represent the amount to what extent the interaction with the artifact, i.e. products and services, is meaningful and satisfying to the human user while the automation is one aspect of the human artifact interaction. The concept of usability was first defined by Shackel in 1991 as the extent of successfulness of the user's work, then was gradually formalized by Nielsen and ISO standard. In 1998, Norman coined a new term “UX” (User eXperience) to represent the wider range of quality of human experience that could not be expressed by just the concept of usability. But, the lack of formal definition and methodology gave birth to various interpretations. Because of this confusing situation on the concept of UX, “UX White Paper” was published in 2010. But various interpretations still exist in terms of the concept of UX. For the purpose of solving this confusing situation, authors proposed (1) a conceptual model of UX that clarifies the difference between the usability and UX, (2) the process model (DECAGON model) of UX that is related to the lifecycle model of the product or service, and (3) the measurement method (ERM-AT) of UX that can be used to clarify how the automation and UX are related.KeywordsUsabilityUXQuality characteristicsDECAGON modelERM-AT