U.S. Defense Trade Enforcement

Abstract

The purpose of this monograph is to provide a legal and compliance practitioner’s reference guide on the enforcement of international defense trade controls in the United States, with an emphasis on the U.S. State Department’s civil and administrative enforcement program. Though it is useful to take note both of administrative and criminal enforcement trends, it is predominantly through its considerable administrative enforcement powers that the State Department most clearly and consistently signals to regulated parties its expectations for what constitutes adequate compliance. Section 1 is an executive summary of U.S. defense trade controls and their enforcement by the U.S. federal government. Section 2 is a detailed chronological digest of all reported civil penalty cases that the State Department has settled since 2001. Section 3 is a chronological table of those cases intended to provide a “snapshot” of key enforcement data.