US contribution to the High Luminosity LHC Upgrade: focusing quadrupoles and crab cavities

Giorgio Apollinari,Giorgio Ambrosio,Leonardo Ristori,Sandor Feher,Ruben Carcagno

doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1350/1/012005

Giorgio Apollinari, Giorgio Ambrosio + Show 3 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1350/1/012005

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Abstract

In the early 2000’s, the US High Energy Physics community contributing to the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) launched the LHC Accelerator R&D Program (LARP), a long-vision focused R&D program, intended to contribute to a quick LHC commissioning and to bring the Nb3Sn and other technologies to a maturity level that would allow applications in HEP machines. Around 2015, the technologies developed by LARP, CERN and other institutions were mature enough to allow the spin-off of a major upgrade project to the LHC complex, the High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) [3]. This paper will focus on the US contribution to HL-LHC, namely the large-aperture low-β focusing Nb3Sn quadrupoles and the Radio Frequency Dipole (RFD) Crab Cavities, located in close proximity to the ATLAS and CMS experiments. This contribution, called the HL-LHC Accelerator Upgrade Project (HL-LHC AUP), focuses on production of these quadrupoles and cavities by sharing the work among a consortium of US Laboratories (FNAL, LBNL, BNL and SLAC) and Universities and in close connection with the CERN-led HL-LHC Collaboration. The collaboration achieved commonality of specifications and uniformity of performance. Final development of design, construction and first results from the prototypes are described to indicate the status of these critical components for HL-LHC.

Highlights

The Higgs appears as a “lonely beast, unaccompanied by other particles” [4], which provides even more motivation to keep searching for hints of Beyond the Standard Model physics at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC)
Thanks to the efforts of scientists supported by LHC Accelerator R&D Program (LARP), the contributions discussed in the following have been researched and developed to demonstrate their effectiveness in achieving the luminosity goal of High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC)
The Q1 and Q3 cryoassemblies of the final focusing string will utilize US magnets (MQXFA), while the magnets (MQXFB) built at CERN will be used in the Q2a and Q2b sections

Summary

INTRODUCTION

The Higgs appears as a “lonely beast, unaccompanied by other particles” [4], which provides even more motivation to keep searching for hints of Beyond the Standard Model physics at the LHC. These searches rely on higher energy and higher luminosities. Thanks to the efforts of scientists supported by LARP, the contributions discussed in the following have been researched and developed to demonstrate their effectiveness in achieving the luminosity goal of HL-LHC. MQXF will feature a large aperture (150 mm), a higher peak field (11.4 T), and will use Nb3Sn

Requirements and Design

Unit mm mm

Unit mm μm mm

Findings

Lessons Learned from Models and Prototypes