Urogenital tumors following kidney transplantation-monocentric analysis of incidences and overview of urological preventive measures

Abstract

Urogenital tumors are among the most common solid malignancies after kidney transplantation (TX). We analyzed the incidence and mortality of urogenital tumors after kidney TX in our own patient population as well as answered the question of recommended follow-up necessity and frequency in this cohort. Retrospective monocentric data collection of tumor diseases and the most common urogenital tumors after kidney TX at the Transplant Center Dresden between 2010 and 2020 was done. From this, we derived recommendations for auseful follow-up concept. Atotal of 13% (93/710) of kidney TX patients developed aneoplasm. Older patients (60.1 ± 10.6 vs. 53.8 ± 12.5; p < 0.001), with higher Charlson scores (≥ 4: 68% vs. 46%; p < 0.001) and aprevious tumor history (18% vs. 8%; p < 0.001) were more likely to develop aneoplasm after transplantation. In the multivariate analysis, previous tumor history was found to be an independent predictor of tumor development after renal transplantation (OR 2.2; 95%-KI [1.2-4.1]; p = 0.01). Urogenital tumors accounted for 30% (28/93) of all malignancies. Renal cell carcinoma of the native kidney was the most common (n = 12) neoplasm, followed by prostate cancer (n = 9). Most solid malignancies after kidney TX arise from the urinary tract. Due to their frequency, there is an urgent need for specialized urological therapy and long-term follow-up care. Even before listing for TX, risk factors can be recognized and individual concepts for follow-up care can be developed.