Urogenital Malignancies Seen in Radiotherapy Department of Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital (UDUTH), Sokoto

Abstract

Background: The pervasive nature of urogenital malignancies (UGM) is evident in previous epidemiological studies despite the uniqueness in the pattern of distribution. This study seeks to describe the spectrum, clinicopathologic characteristics and treatment options of UGM in the department of radiotherapy and oncology UDUTH, Sokoto within the study period. Materials and Methods: This was a 5-year retrospective review from 2nd January 2014 to 31 August 2019 of all the UGM referred to the radiotherapy and oncology Centre, UDUTH, Sokoto. The analyzed variables included the patient's age, sex, the organs involved, histopathological diagnosis and the treatment. Results: Ninety-eight (98) UGM were referred to our facility, however only 90 had complete clinical record during the 5-year period under review; the male-to-female ratio was 7.3:1. The organs involved were the prostate (27; 27.5%), the bladder (49; 50.0%), the kidney (8; 8.2%), the testes (3; 3.0%), the penis (2; 2.0%) and the adrenal (1; 1.0%). The prostate histological variant was adenocarcinoma (100.0%). Squamous cell carcinomas constituted 67.3% of bladder cancers, whereas 62.5% of renal malignancies were renal cell carcinomas. The commonest form of treatment was the External beam radiotherapy (EBRT) constituting 34;34.3% however the aim of treatment was adjuvant in 52.9% and palliative in 47.1%. Conclusion: This study shows the commonest UGM seen in UDUTH are prostate and bladder cancers. Furthermore, the study revealed a high rate of squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder in the region which correlate with schistosomiasis as the possible etiological agent as majority of them were farmers.